關于推進污水資源化利用的指導意見
發布時間：2021-01-14 13:20:46 |
瀏覽數：704
發改環資(zi)〔2021〕13號
各省、自治區、直(zhi)轄市人(ren)民政府，國務院各部委、各直(zhi)屬(shu)機構：
污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利(li)用(yong)(yong)是指污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經無(wu)害化(hua)(hua)處理達到特定水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質標準(zhun)，作為再(zai)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)替代常規水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，用(yong)(yong)于工業生產、市政雜用(yong)(yong)、居民(min)生活、生態補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、農業灌溉、回灌地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等，以及從污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中提(ti)取其他(ta)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)和能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，對優化(hua)(hua)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)結構、增加水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)給、緩(huan)解供(gong)需矛盾(dun)和減少(shao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)、保障水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生態安全具有重要(yao)意義。目前，我國污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利(li)用(yong)(yong)尚處于起步階(jie)段，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)充分，利(li)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)不(bu)(bu)高，與建設美麗中國的(de)需要(yao)還存在不(bu)(bu)小差(cha)距。為加快推進污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，促(cu)進解決水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)短缺、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境污(wu)(wu)染(ran)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生態損害問題，推動(dong)高質量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、可持(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，經國務院同意，現提(ti)出以下意見。
一、總體要求(qiu)
（一）指(zhi)導思想。以(yi)習(xi)近平新(xin)時代中國特色社會主義思(si)(si)想(xiang)為(wei)指導，全面(mian)貫徹黨的十九(jiu)大和(he)十九(jiu)屆二(er)中、三中、四中、五(wu)中全會精(jing)神(shen)，深入貫徹習(xi)近平生態(tai)文明思(si)(si)想(xiang)，踐行綠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)青山就是金山銀山理念，堅持“節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)優先、空間均衡、系統治(zhi)理、兩手發力”的治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)思(si)(si)路，按照黨中央(yang)、國務(wu)院決(jue)策部署，在城鎮(zhen)、工(gong)(gong)業和(he)農(nong)業農(nong)村等領域(yu)系統開展(zhan)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)化利(li)用(yong)，以(yi)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)區(qu)(qu)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境敏感區(qu)(qu)域(yu)為(wei)重(zhong)點(dian)，以(yi)城鎮(zhen)生活污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)化利(li)用(yong)為(wei)突破口(kou)，以(yi)工(gong)(gong)業利(li)用(yong)和(he)生態(tai)補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)主要途徑(jing)，做好頂層設計(ji)，加強統籌協調(diao)，完善政(zheng)策措施，強化監督(du)管理，開展(zhan)試(shi)點(dian)示范，推動我(wo)國污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)化利(li)用(yong)實現高質量發展(zhan)。
（二）基本原(yuan)則(ze)。
節水優先(xian)、統籌推進。秉(bing)持(chi)“節(jie)水即(ji)治污”的(de)理(li)念，堅持(chi)節(jie)水優(you)先(xian)，強化(hua)(hua)用水總量和強度雙控(kong)。將污水資源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利用作為節(jie)水開源(yuan)的(de)重(zhong)要內容，再(zai)生水納入(ru)水資源(yuan)統(tong)一配置(zhi)，全(quan)面系統(tong)推進(jin)污水資源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利用工作。
因地制宜、分類(lei)施策。根(gen)據本(ben)地水(shui)資源稟賦、水(shui)環境承(cheng)載力、發展需(xu)求和經濟技術水(shui)平等因(yin)素分區分類開(kai)展污水(shui)資源化利用工作，實施(shi)差別化措施(shi)。科學確(que)定目(mu)標任務，合(he)理選擇(ze)重點領(ling)域和利用途(tu)徑，實行按(an)需(xu)定供、按(an)用定質、按(an)質管控(kong)。
政府(fu)引導、市場驅動。強化標準約束，嚴格(ge)監(jian)管考核，規范市(shi)(shi)場主體行為。完善(shan)價格(ge)機制，加大財政(zheng)金融激勵(li)，引導社(she)會資本投入，充分發揮市(shi)(shi)場配置資源的(de)決(jue)定(ding)性作用(yong)。
科技引領(ling)、試點示范。增強科(ke)技(ji)支撐，加強關鍵共(gong)性技(ji)術裝備(bei)研發，推廣(guang)普及先進適用技(ji)術工藝。開展試點示范，探索形成可復制、可推廣(guang)的污水資源化利用模式。
（三）總體目標。到2025年，全國(guo)污(wu)水(shui)收集效能顯著提升(sheng)，縣(xian)城及城市污(wu)水(shui)處理(li)能力基本滿足(zu)當地(di)(di)經濟(ji)社會發展(zhan)需要，水(shui)環(huan)境敏(min)感地(di)(di)區污(wu)水(shui)處理(li)基本實現(xian)提標(biao)升(sheng)級；全國(guo)地(di)(di)級及以(yi)(yi)上缺水(shui)城市再(zai)生水(shui)利(li)用(yong)率達(da)到25%以(yi)(yi)上，京津冀地(di)(di)區達(da)到35%以(yi)(yi)上；工(gong)業用(yong)水(shui)重復利(li)用(yong)、畜(chu)禽糞污(wu)和漁(yu)業養殖尾水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化利(li)用(yong)水(shui)平顯著提升(sheng)；污(wu)水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化利(li)用(yong)政策體系和市場機制基本建立(li)。到2035年，形成系統、安全、環(huan)保、經濟(ji)的(de)污(wu)水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化利(li)用(yong)格(ge)局。
二、著力推進重(zhong)點領域污(wu)水(shui)資源(yuan)化利用(yong)
（四）加快推(tui)動城鎮生活污水資源化(hua)利用。系統(tong)分析日(ri)益增長的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)需求，以現有污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)廠為(wei)基礎，合理(li)布局再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)基礎設施(shi)。豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)區(qu)結合流(liu)域水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境質量(liang)改(gai)善需求，科學合理(li)確(que)定污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)廠排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)限(xian)值(zhi)，以穩定達標排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)為(wei)主，實施(shi)差別化(hua)分區(qu)提標改(gai)造和精準(zhun)治污(wu)(wu)。缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)區(qu)特(te)別是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質型缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)區(qu)，在(zai)確(que)保污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)穩定達標排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)前提下，優先將(jiang)達標排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)可(ke)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源，就(jiu)近回補自然水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體，推進區(qu)域污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源化(hua)循(xun)環利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。資源型缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)區(qu)實施(shi)以需定供(gong)、分質用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，合理(li)安排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)廠網布局和建設，在(zai)推廣再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)工業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產和市政(zheng)雜用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，嚴格執行國家(jia)規定水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質標準(zhun)，通過逐段(duan)補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)將(jiang)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作為(wei)河湖濕地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。具備條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)區(qu)可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)分散(san)式(shi)、小(xiao)型化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)設施(shi)，對市政(zheng)管網未覆蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)住宅小(xiao)區(qu)、學校(xiao)、企(qi)事業(ye)單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進行達標處理(li)后實現就(jiu)近回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。火電、石化(hua)、鋼鐵、有色、造紙、印染等高耗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)行業(ye)項目具備使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)條件(jian)但未有效利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，要嚴格控制新(xin)增取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)許可(ke)。
（五）積(ji)極(ji)推動工業(ye)廢水資源化利用。開展企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)審計、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效對標(biao)和節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)改造，推(tui)進企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)部工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)循環(huan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，提高重復利(li)用(yong)(yong)率。推(tui)進園(yuan)區(qu)內(nei)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統集成優化，實現串聯用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、分質用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、一水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多用(yong)(yong)和梯(ti)級(ji)利(li)用(yong)(yong)。完善(shan)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、園(yuan)區(qu)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理設施建設，提高運營管理水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平，確(que)保工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)達(da)標(biao)排放。開展工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)再生利(li)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質監測評價和用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管理，推(tui)動(dong)地方和重點(dian)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)搭建工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)循環(huan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)智慧管理平臺。
（六(liu)）穩(wen)妥推進農業農村污水資源(yuan)化利(li)用。積極探(tan)索(suo)符合農村實(shi)際、低成本的(de)(de)農村生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)治理(li)(li)技術和模(mo)式(shi)。根據(ju)區域(yu)位置、人口(kou)聚(ju)集(ji)度選用(yong)(yong)分戶處(chu)理(li)(li)、村組處(chu)理(li)(li)和納(na)入城鎮污(wu)水(shui)管網等(deng)收(shou)集(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)方式(shi)，推廣工(gong)程(cheng)和生態相結(jie)合的(de)(de)模(mo)塊化(hua)工(gong)藝技術，推動農村生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)就(jiu)近就(jiu)地資(zi)源化(hua)利(li)用(yong)(yong)。推廣種養結(jie)合、以用(yong)(yong)促(cu)治方式(shi)，采用(yong)(yong)經濟適用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)肥料化(hua)、能源化(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)藝技術促(cu)進畜禽糞污(wu)資(zi)源化(hua)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，鼓勵漁業養殖尾水(shui)循環利(li)用(yong)(yong)。
三、實施污水(shui)資源化利用重(zhong)點工程(cheng)
（七）實施污水(shui)收集及資源化利用設施建設工程。推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)城鎮污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網全覆蓋，加(jia)大城鎮污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收集管(guan)網建(jian)設(she)力度，消除收集管(guan)網空白區(qu)，持續提(ti)高污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收集效能。加(jia)快推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)城中村、老(lao)舊(jiu)城區(qu)等區(qu)域污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收集支線管(guan)網和(he)出戶管(guan)連接建(jian)設(she)，補齊“毛細血管(guan)”。重(zhong)點推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)城鎮污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網破損(sun)修復、老(lao)舊(jiu)管(guan)網更新和(he)混接錯(cuo)接改造，循序推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)雨(yu)污(wu)(wu)分流(liu)改造。重(zhong)點流(liu)域、缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)敏感區(qu)結合當地(di)(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源稟賦(fu)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)保護要求，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)現有(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理設(she)施(shi)提(ti)標升級擴能改造，根據實(shi)(shi)際需要建(jian)設(she)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源化(hua)利用設(she)施(shi)。缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城市新建(jian)城區(qu)要因地(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)宜提(ti)前(qian)規劃布(bu)局再生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網，有(you)序開展相關建(jian)設(she)。積極推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)污(wu)(wu)泥無害化(hua)資(zi)源化(hua)利用設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)。
（八(ba)）實施區域再(zai)生水循環利用工程。推動建設污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)治(zhi)理、生態保護、循環利用(yong)有機結合的(de)綜合治(zhi)理體系，在重點(dian)排污(wu)(wu)口(kou)下游、河(he)流(liu)(liu)入湖（海）口(kou)、支流(liu)(liu)入干流(liu)(liu)處等關鍵節點(dian)因地制宜建設人工濕地水(shui)質凈(jing)化等工程(cheng)設施，對(dui)處理達標后的(de)排水(shui)和微污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)河(he)水(shui)進一步凈(jing)化改善(shan)后，納入區(qu)域(yu)水(shui)資源調(diao)配(pei)管理體系，可(ke)用(yong)于區(qu)域(yu)內生態補(bu)水(shui)、工業生產和市政(zheng)雜用(yong)。選擇缺(que)水(shui)地區(qu)積極(ji)開展(zhan)區(qu)域(yu)再(zai)生水(shui)循環利用(yong)試點(dian)示(shi)范。
（九）實施(shi)工業廢水循環(huan)利(li)用工程(cheng)。缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)地區(qu)(qu)將市(shi)政再(zai)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)作為園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的重要來(lai)源，嚴控新水(shui)(shui)(shui)取用(yong)(yong)(yong)量。推動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)與(yu)市(shi)政再(zai)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)產(chan)運營(ying)單位合(he)作，規(gui)劃配備管(guan)網設施。選擇嚴重缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)地區(qu)(qu)創建產(chan)城融(rong)合(he)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)高效(xiao)(xiao)循(xun)環(huan)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)創新試點(dian)。有條件的工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)統(tong)籌廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)綜(zong)合(he)治理與(yu)資源化利用(yong)(yong)(yong)，建立企(qi)業(ye)間點(dian)對(dui)點(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)，實現(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)循(xun)環(huan)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)和分(fen)級回用(yong)(yong)(yong)。重點(dian)圍繞(rao)火電、石化、鋼鐵、有色(se)、造紙、印染等(deng)高耗(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)業(ye)，組織開展企(qi)業(ye)內部廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)，創建一批工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)循(xun)環(huan)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)示范企(qi)業(ye)、園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)，通(tong)過(guo)典型示范帶動(dong)企(qi)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)效(xiao)(xiao)率提升。
（十(shi)）實施農(nong)業農(nong)村污(wu)水(shui)以用促治(zhi)工程。逐步建設完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)業污(wu)(wu)水收集(ji)處理(li)(li)再利用設施，處理(li)(li)達(da)(da)標(biao)后實現就近灌溉(gai)回用。以規模化畜禽養(yang)(yang)殖場為重點(dian)(dian)，探(tan)索完(wan)善運行(xing)機制，開(kai)展畜禽糞污(wu)(wu)資源化利用，促進種養(yang)(yang)結合(he)農(nong)(nong)牧循環(huan)發展，到2025年全國畜禽糞污(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合(he)利用率(lv)達(da)(da)到80%以上。在長江(jiang)經(jing)濟帶、京津(jin)冀、珠三角等(deng)有條件的(de)地區開(kai)展漁業養(yang)(yang)殖尾(wei)水的(de)資源化利用，以池塘(tang)養(yang)(yang)殖為重點(dian)(dian)，開(kai)展水產養(yang)(yang)殖尾(wei)水治理(li)(li)，實現循環(huan)利用、達(da)(da)標(biao)排放。
（十一(yi)）實施污水近零排放科(ke)技創(chuang)新試(shi)點(dian)工(gong)程。選(xuan)擇有(you)代表性的國(guo)家(jia)高新(xin)(xin)技術(shu)(shu)產業開發區（以下簡稱國(guo)家(jia)高新(xin)(xin)區）開展技術(shu)(shu)綜合集成與示(shi)范，研(yan)發集成低成本(ben)、高性能工業廢水(shui)(shui)處理技術(shu)(shu)和(he)裝(zhuang)備，打造污水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源化技術(shu)(shu)、工程與服務、管理、政策等(deng)協同發力(li)的示(shi)范樣(yang)板(ban)。在長三(san)角(jiao)地(di)區遴選(xuan)電子信息、紡織印染、化工材料等(deng)國(guo)家(jia)高新(xin)(xin)區率(lv)先示(shi)范，到2025年建(jian)成若干國(guo)家(jia)高新(xin)(xin)區工業廢水(shui)(shui)近零排放(fang)科技創新(xin)(xin)試點工程。
（十二）綜合開(kai)展污(wu)水(shui)資(zi)源化利用(yong)試(shi)點(dian)示范。聚焦(jiao)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)難點(dian)(dian)堵點(dian)(dian)，因地(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)宜開展(zhan)再生水(shui)(shui)利用、污泥資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利用、回灌地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)以(yi)及氮磷等物(wu)質提取和能量資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回收等試(shi)點(dian)(dian)示(shi)范，在黃河流(liu)域地(di)(di)級及以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市(shi)建設污水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利用示(shi)范城(cheng)市(shi)，規劃建設配套基(ji)礎設施(shi)，實現再生水(shui)(shui)規模(mo)化(hua)利用。選擇(ze)典型地(di)(di)區(qu)開展(zhan)再生水(shui)(shui)利用配置(zhi)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)工作。通(tong)過試(shi)點(dian)(dian)示(shi)范總(zong)結(jie)成功經驗，形(xing)成可(ke)復制(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)推廣的(de)污水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利用模(mo)式。創(chuang)新污水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利用服(fu)(fu)務模(mo)式，鼓勵第三(san)方服(fu)(fu)務企業(ye)提供整(zheng)體解(jie)決方案。建設資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)標桿水(shui)(shui)廠，開展(zhan)污水(shui)(shui)中能量物(wu)質回收試(shi)點(dian)(dian)。
四、健(jian)全污(wu)水資(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)利用體制機制
（十三）健全法規標準。推進制(zhi)定節約用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)條例，鼓勵污水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源化(hua)(hua)利用(yong)(yong)，實現節水(shui)(shui)(shui)開源減排(pai)。加快完善相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)政策標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，將(jiang)再(zai)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)納入城市供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體系(xi)。推動(dong)制(zhi)修訂(ding)地方水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染(ran)物排(pai)放(fang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，提出差別化(hua)(hua)的(de)污染(ran)物排(pai)放(fang)要求(qiu)和管控措施。抓緊制(zhi)定再(zai)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)于生態補水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)技術(shu)規(gui)范和管控要求(qiu)，適時(shi)修訂(ding)其他用(yong)(yong)途的(de)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源化(hua)(hua)利用(yong)(yong)分級分質系(xi)列標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。制(zhi)修訂(ding)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源化(hua)(hua)利用(yong)(yong)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)裝備(bei)、工程、運行等(deng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。
（十四）構建政策體系。制(zhi)定區域(yu)再生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)循環利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)試點(dian)、典型(xing)地區再生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)配置試點(dian)、工業(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)循環利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)、污(wu)泥無害化(hua)資源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)、國家高新區工業(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)近(jin)零排放科技(ji)創新試點(dian)等(deng)實施(shi)方(fang)案，細化(hua)工作重點(dian)和主(zhu)要任務，形成污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)“1+N”政策體系。研究(jiu)制(zhi)定“十四五”污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)等(deng)相關規(gui)(gui)劃。研究(jiu)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)統計方(fang)法與制(zhi)度，建立科學(xue)統一的(de)統計體系。完善用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量控制(zhi)指(zhi)標中非常規(gui)(gui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)指(zhi)標考核相關規(gui)(gui)定，加大(da)再生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)非常規(gui)(gui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)權重，實行(xing)分(fen)類考核。完善取(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)許(xu)可管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度，編制(zhi)實施(shi)入河(he)（海）排污(wu)口(kou)監督管(guan)(guan)理(li)指(zhi)導文件。
（十(shi)五(wu)）健全價格機制(zhi)。建立(li)使(shi)用(yong)者付費制度(du)，放開再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)政(zheng)府(fu)定價(jia)，由(you)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供(gong)應企業(ye)和用(yong)戶(hu)按照優(you)質優(you)價(jia)的(de)原則自主協(xie)商(shang)定價(jia)。對于提供(gong)公共生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境服(fu)務功能的(de)河湖濕(shi)地生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、景觀(guan)環境用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)使(shi)用(yong)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)，鼓勵采用(yong)政(zheng)府(fu)購買服(fu)務的(de)方式推動污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源化利用(yong)。
（十六(liu)）完善財金(jin)政策。加大(da)中央財政(zheng)資(zi)金對(dui)污(wu)水資(zi)源化(hua)利用(yong)的投入(ru)力度。支持地(di)方政(zheng)府專項(xiang)債券(quan)用(yong)于(yu)符合條件的污(wu)水資(zi)源化(hua)利用(yong)建設項(xiang)目。鼓勵地(di)方設計(ji)多元化(hua)的財政(zheng)性資(zi)金投入(ru)保障機制(zhi)。鼓勵企(qi)業采用(yong)綠色債券(quan)、資(zi)產證券(quan)化(hua)等(deng)手段，依法合規拓寬融資(zi)渠道。穩妥推進基礎設施(shi)領(ling)域不動產投資(zi)信托基金試點(dian)。探索(suo)開展項(xiang)目收益權(quan)、特許經營權(quan)等(deng)質押融資(zi)擔保。落實現行相關稅收優惠政(zheng)策。
（十七(qi)）強(qiang)化科技支(zhi)撐(cheng)。推動(dong)將污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)化關(guan)(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)攻關(guan)(guan)納入(ru)國家中長期科(ke)技(ji)發展規劃、“十四五”生(sheng)態環(huan)境科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)專項(xiang)規劃，部署(shu)相關(guan)(guan)重(zhong)點(dian)專項(xiang)開(kai)展污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)化科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)。引導科(ke)研院所、高等院校、污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理企業等組建(jian)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)化利(li)用創新(xin)戰略聯(lian)盟，重(zhong)點(dian)突破污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)深(shen)度處理、污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥資(zi)源(yuan)化利(li)用共性和(he)(he)關(guan)(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)裝備。編(bian)制污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)化利(li)用先進適用技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)實踐案例，推廣一(yi)批成熟的工(gong)(gong)藝、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)裝備。及時(shi)發布國家鼓勵的工(gong)(gong)業節水(shui)工(gong)(gong)藝、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)裝備目錄。
五、保障措(cuo)施
（十八）加(jia)強組織協(xie)調。按(an)照中央部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)署、省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)統籌、市縣(xian)負(fu)責的要(yao)求，推進(jin)指導意見實(shi)施(shi)。壓實(shi)地方責任(ren)，各省(sheng)(sheng)（區、市）政府(fu)抓緊(jin)組(zu)織制定相(xiang)(xiang)關規(gui)劃或實(shi)施(shi)方案；市縣(xian)政府(fu)擔負(fu)主體責任(ren)，制定計劃，明確(que)(que)任(ren)務(wu)，確(que)(que)保各項工(gong)作順利完成。國家發展改革委加強綜合(he)協(xie)調，科技部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、工(gong)業(ye)和信息化部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、財政部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、自然資(zi)源部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、生態(tai)環境部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、住房城鄉建設(she)(she)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、水利部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、市場監管總局等(deng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門按(an)照職責分(fen)工(gong)做(zuo)好相(xiang)(xiang)關工(gong)作，加強水資(zi)源節約集約利用、水污(wu)染(ran)防治(zhi)、水生態(tai)保護、污(wu)水資(zi)源化利用、相(xiang)(xiang)關環境基礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)的統籌，形成工(gong)作合(he)力，協(xie)調解決相(xiang)(xiang)關重(zhong)大問題。
（十九）強化監督管理。督促有關(guan)方面嚴(yan)格實(shi)行區域流(liu)域用水(shui)總量(liang)和(he)強(qiang)度雙控(kong)(kong)制度，強(qiang)化(hua)水(shui)資源(yuan)管理(li)考核和(he)取(qu)用水(shui)管理(li)，確保《國(guo)家節水(shui)行動(dong)方案》落到實(shi)處。嚴(yan)格監督實(shi)施(shi)再生水(shui)納入水(shui)資源(yuan)統一配置的要求。嚴(yan)格自備井管理(li)，限(xian)期依法關(guan)閉未經批準和(he)公共(gong)供水(shui)管網覆蓋范圍內的自備井。健全污(wu)水(shui)資源(yuan)化(hua)水(shui)質全過(guo)程監測(ce)體系，強(qiang)化(hua)污(wu)水(shui)處理(li)達(da)標排放監管，逐步建立覆蓋污(wu)水(shui)資源(yuan)化(hua)全過(guo)程的風險防控(kong)(kong)預警體系，確保污(wu)水(shui)資源(yuan)化(hua)安全利用。
（二(er)十）加(jia)大宣傳力度。結(jie)合世(shi)界(jie)水日、中國(guo)水周(zhou)(zhou)、全國(guo)城(cheng)市(shi)節水宣(xuan)傳周(zhou)(zhou)等主題宣(xuan)傳活動，采取多種形式(shi)廣泛深入開展宣(xuan)傳工作(zuo)(zuo)，加強科普教(jiao)育(yu)，提(ti)高公眾對污水資源化利用(yong)的認知度(du)和認可度(du)，消(xiao)除公眾顧(gu)慮，增強使用(yong)意愿。完善(shan)公眾參與機制(zhi)，充分發揮輿(yu)論監管(guan)、社(she)會監督和行業自律作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，營造全社(she)會共(gong)同(tong)參與污水資源化利用(yong)的良好氛圍(wei)。
國家發(fa)展(zhan)改革委
科(ke)??技??部
工業和信息(xi)化部
財??政??部
自 然 資 源 部
生 態 環(huan) 境 部
住房城鄉建(jian)設部
水(shui)??利(li)??部(bu)
農 業 農 村 部
市場監管(guan)總局
2021年1月(yue)4日